The delivery of the first of the BR/Sulzer Type 4’s from Derby during 1959 was the beginning of a lengthy and well traveled career on British Railways for most of this fleet of 193 locomotives. Their initial use on the Western Region was minimal, but as this page will show as the years rolled by and changes took place the services covered by the Peaks expanded greatly from their early beginnings. There are several other pages on this website which deal, to some extant, with the Class 45/46's on the Western Region. This page does cover some of the same ground but relies heavily on the wonderful photographs of Peter Lovell, not only of the Class 45/46's but also of the locomotives they replaced and the locomotives that replaced them.

For your webmaster the NE/SW services always meant those workings travelling between Newcastle/York/Leeds to the likes of Bristol/Plymouth/Penzance. However west of Bristol these cross country services were joined by those originating from Liverpool & Manchester. For many years there particular services were routed through Crewe, Shrewsbury, Hereford and Newport, then through the Severn Tunnel and on to Bristol where they then intermingled with the services from the North East, making for a very busy mainline west of Bristol during the summer season. The motive power for the Liverpool and Manchester services usually required a change at Newport or Bristol from diesel electric to diesel hydraulic power, though there were diagrams which would take the diesel hydraulics, particularly the Warships through to Crewe.

Eventually the Liverpool and Manchester services were rerouted through Birmingham New Street, increasing the traffic over the Birmingham - Cheltenham - Bristol lines.

Bristol

For many years Bristol marked the furthest west normally reached by the Peaks, D93 (45057) had been loaned to St Phillips Marsh during April 1961, leading to their increasing use on passenger and parcels workings on the Birmingham – Bristol route during June & July as more were delivered from the Workshops. By October ten Peaks were allocated to Barrow Road (D33 – D42, later 45019/119/117/031/009/032/033/133/147/034), covering four diagrams, with the Peaks working as far north as Newcastle.

By 1967 the Peaks were occasionally used on the 07.00 Severn Tunnel Junction – Exeter freight and had seen infrequent use on local passenger services west of Bristol. During February 1967 D155 (46018) was noted at Bristol for crew training, which included the afternoon freight to Yeovil Junction. During 1968 more Peaks were noted on inter-regional freights reaching as far west as Exeter.

At the start of the 1971 summer timetable the Nottingham Division saw its allocation of Class 46’s transferred to Bristol, leading to their increased presence in Devon and Cornwall, including their use on more freight trains.

As mentioned elsewhere in the text Bristol Bath Road depot was very visible from Bristol Temple Meads station. Any movements on and off the depot provided the rail enthusiasts with easy to get numbers and many photographic possibilities, depending on the co-operation of the weather. The 1970 Ian Allan ABC combine even featured a view of Bath Road on its cover. This was the first ABC combine purchased by your webmaster, at the princely sum of 15/- (75p) it was a considerable investment all those years ago. The combine presents an interesting view of the BR fleet at the time. In particular the diesel hydraulic fleet is mostly intact; all 74 Westerns are in service, the Warship fleet is almost complete, only 800/801/802/830 have been retired, whilst the smaller Class 22 have exactly half of the original 58 members still in service. The most frequent diesel electric Type 4 visitors to the West of England (Classes 45/46/47) were complete with the exception of several retired Class 47's.

The allocations of the Class 45/46's were widespread, and their useage even more so, such that eventually every member would be noted travelling into Devon & Cornwall on passenger or freight workings.

Some of BR's depots were well hidden from the travelling public, others provided tantalising glimpses whilst others, like Bristol Bath Road were simply 'in your face', easily visible from the west end of the longer platforms. In this cloudy day view from 1971 Class 45 No.26 manouevres around the yard whilst a mixture of motive power, including one of the 'Blue Pullman' sets can be seen in the background. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

On a visit to Bristol Temple Meads on April 3rd 1984 Peter photographed examples of Class 45/0, 45/1 and 46 working through the area.

	Not long out of Derby Works, freshly painted 45013 shuttles about the station with one wagon in tow. 45013 would have the dubious honour of being the last Class 45/0 to recieve attention at Derby Works, during March 1986. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.
	In contrast to the smartly turned out 45013 (above) work worn 46037 stands at the head of the 19.30 Bristol - Newcastle TPO. The locomotive still sports a headcode panel and steam leaks from the hose connection on the bufferbeam, many of the Class 46's by this time had isolated boilers. The NE/SW route will claim 46037 on June 16th 1984 whilst working the 10.35 Penzance - Leeds it sustained fire damage at Kings Norton, bringing to a close 22 years of service. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.
	A wonderful evening view of 45143 after arrival of the 19.35 Birmingham - Bristol. 45143 probably has the honour of being the only Class 45 to work a Waterloo - Exeter service throughout, this took place on June 11th 1985 working the 13.10 Waterloo - Exeter in celebration of the 300th anniversary of the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards, the regiment honoured by the name on 45143. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

The seventy six miles from Bristol to Exeter which the Class 45/46's would work for many years was constructed without the need for any major engineering feats, with perhaps the exception of Whiteball tunnel south west of Wellington. The Bristol & Exeter Railway had initiated passenger service over the thirty three miles to Bridgwater in May 1841, which included the single line branch to Weston Super Mare. The loop through Weston was not opened until 1884. The remainder of the line through to Exeter was opened to passenger traffic on May 1st 1844. The route was engineered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel and was built to support broad gauge lines, this clearly reveals itself in some of the photographs below with the wider than normal right-of-way.

Although the Class 45's were primarily intended for use over the NE/SW route in the early years, the Bristol crews would find them diagrammed on shorter out and back turns to a variety of places, prior to returning to their NE/SW diagrams.

Likewise as the careers of the Class 45's drew to a close their forays west of Bristol became less and less, and in between the NE/SW diagrams they ventured out on short out and back turns to the likes of Taunton and Weston super Mare.

Weston-Super-Mare

One of the fill-in turns frequently worked by the Class 45's was a local passenger working Weston super Mare. On a very wet October 9th 1987 45141 waits for the 2C79 17.50 departure back to Bristol, the inbound working was the 2C44 16.48 from Bristol. After arrival at Bristol 45141 will be used on one of the evening parcels/mail services to the North East. Photograph courtesy Mike Jones.

Heading south the route passes through Bridgwater and Taunton which were occasional stops for the NE/SW services. Bridgwater almost became the location of the first Class 45 to be withdrawn when 125 was involved in a rear-end collision here on October 23rd 1974. The locomotive was extensively damaged and spent time at Derby Works on decision before repairs were sanctioned. This locomotive had the dubious honour of being the last mainline locomotive to receive TOPS numbers (45071) and the first of the Class 45/46's to be equipped with the sheeted over nose ends panels and equipped with headlights.

Taunton

Between Bridgwater and Taunton the line skirted the east end of the Quantock Hills, afew miles east of Taunton the West of England main line joined the Bristol - Exeter line.

	Class 45 No.84 Royal Corps of Transport at Taunton during 1971. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.
	A line up of locomotives and their trains at Taunton sometime during 1976. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Beyond Taunton the route continued in a south-westerly direction, at Norton Fitzwarren the line to Minehead branched off, the mainline continued on towards Wellington. Passenger services at Wellington were discontinued on October 5th 1964.

Wellington

The generous width of the right of way required for broad gauge services show up well in this of 45019 at Wellington on September 21st 1984 whilst working the 10.04 Newquay - Newcastle. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

From Wellington the route climbed to Whiteball tunnel.

Whiteball

Although the line did not present the railway engineers with any serious challenges, the crossing of the Black Down Hills required the construction of the 3,280 feet Whiteball Tunnel. This was bricklined on a gradient of 1:128, the railway line crosssed the Somerset/Devon boundary whilst in the tunnel.

	45137 Whiteball September 22nd 1984 with the 09.22 Newcastle - Penzance. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.
	45104 Whiteball September 22nd 1984 with the 07.17 Derby - Paignton. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Beyond Whiteball the route curves slightly more to the south to head more or less in the direction of Exeter using the Culm Valley. From south of Burlescombe to Hele the railway has been joined by the M5 motorway. One station to survive on this section of line is Tiverton Junction, once the stopping off point for service to Tiverton, the passenger service on this line being taken away on October 5th 1964.

Tiverton Junction

A recently outshopped 45041 roars through Tiverton Junction on August 26th 1985 with empty coaching stock from Malago Vale which will form the 18.05 Exeter - Birmingham relief. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Rewe

More evidence of the generous right of way required by the broad gauge, seen here at Rewe on December 16th 1978 as 46038 heads north with the 08.15 Plymouth - Leeds. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Stoke Cannon

A glorious summer's day sometime during 1979 greets the photographer trackside at Stoke Cannon as a pair of Peaks head north. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Hobbies are frequently unintelligble to family, friends & strangers, what provides great enjoyment to one is completely baffling to another. Hopefully the above view strikes a chord with the railway enthusiasts - whether your watching the trains roll by at the end of a station platform, or lineside somewhere in the heart of the countryside on a gloriously warm sunny day. The latter clearly applies in the above view! On such a busy line as this the regular timetabled passenger & freight trains would provide plenty of activity. Beyond this would be the unexpected workings, the relief passenger services, additional freights and light engine movements. And thrown into the mix would be the effects of locomotive failures, which might include locomotives from distant depots being called upon to fill in.

On the approaches to Exeter the route passes the picturesque Cowley Bridge Junction. The former LSWR route from Waterloo & Salisbury, once the route of the famed Atlantic Coast Express operating to destinations on the 'withered arm' such as Ilfracombe, Great Torrington, Bude, Padstow & Wadebridge relied on operating rights between Exeter St Davids and Cowley Bridge Junction in order to reach its right of way connected to the destinations in Devon & Cornwall. Portions of this route still remain, in particular the route to Barnstaple and the stub of the mainline to Okehampton and the quarry at Meldon. The latter route saw the operation of heavy ballast trains to various destinations, many of which were hauled by the Class 45/46's.

Cowley Bridge

45026 approaches Cowley Bridge Junction on June 15th 1979 with the 18.30 Meldon Quarry - Salisbury ballast. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Beyond Cowley Bridge the widening valley of the Exe provided space for the construction of Exeter Riverside yard.

Exeter Riverside

	46020 departing Exeter Riverside Yard light engine on June 18th 1979 as the 09.25 to Meldon to pick up some loaded ballast wagons. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.
	In contrast to the above view, here is 45005 leaving Exeter Riverside Yard on September 25th 1984 with twelve loaded ballast wagons, no doubt in transit from Meldon to??. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Exeter Riverside yard provided the start of that typical approach to many principal railway stations, of increasing railway activity, once busy sidings and if you were lucky some sort of facility for refuelling & servicing locomotives. Exeter once boasted a steam shed, code 83C, a subshed to Newton Abbot. With the end of steam the shed was no longer required, although it would be demolished the site remained as a signing-on point for the refuelling and stabling of diesel locomotives.

Exeter Depot

During the period of the phasing out of the diesel-hydraulic fleet the variety of locomotives to be seen at Exeter was considerable. Of course there was the expected Class 08 shunter, diesel hydraulic classes 22/35/42/52, regular diesel electrics 25/33/45/46/47 and occasional visitors of classes 31 & 37 arriving usually on inter-regional freights.

An undated view from 1972 as 806 marshalls a string of milk tanks alongside Exeter St David's station. The remains of the steam depot lie behind the locomotive. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

In the above view Class 42 No.806 Cambrian is in its last year of service, it would be retired on November 2nd 1972 after thirteen years of service. The increasing presence of Class 45/46/47's west of Bristol, the introduction of Class 33's on the Waterloo - Exeter service and the allocation of all the Class 52 Westerns to Laira would deprive the Warships of many of their passenger & freight workings. Their low axle loadings did permit use on many branch line workings, such as the various milk jobs, unfortunately the arrival of the Class 25's took these turns away from the Warships. By the middle of December 1972 the final Warships were taken out of service, for 806 the end would come at Swindon Works during April 1975.

From a similar viewpoint as the above image, here is a scene from early 1973 featuring Class 45 No.126, with examples of Classes 33, 35, 45 & 52 in the remains of the steamshed. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Exeter St Davids

For about a decade the diesel hydraulic classes dominated the passenger workings between Bristol and Penzance. In those early years the workings out of Paddington were of course Western or Warship hauled, whilst inter-regional expresses coming in from the north of England would change locomotives at Newport or Bristol.

821 Greyhound at Exeter on November 17th 1972 with the 15.55 Paignton - Paddington. As the light is quickly fading on this November evening, equally so the career of 821 is rapidly drawing to a close, it will be withdrawn on December 3rd 1972, but will reach preservation. But for now the murmur of its two Bristol Siddeley-Maybach engines and the gently hissing steam fill the night air as the driver awaits the guard's whistle. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

By the end of 1972 all the Warships class locomotives had been taken out of service, though many remained at Swindon Works awaiting scrapping whilst afew lingered at depots prior to their last movement to Swindon. This would leave just the Class 52 Westerns as representatives of main line diesel hydraulic traction.

On a cloudy February 8th 1973 the driver appears deep in thought as 1061 Western Envoy waits for time with the 07.40 Penzance - Liverpool. By this time this was only a Class 52 turn as far as Plymouth, a Class 45/46 would normally take over from there. 1061 has about another 18 months left in service before the final call to Swindon. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

In contrast to the view of 1061 above, the scene at the west end of Exeter St Davids on the same morning was probably one which would dampen the heart of any true diesel hydraulic enthusiast. The 'new' order was coming and it was in the shape of the ex-LMR Class 50's as replacements for the Class 52's. These WCML cast-offs could provide the Western Region main line services with something the diesel hydraulic locomotives could not - electric train heating to supply power to the fully air-conditioned coaches now becoming very common on BR's services.

Class 50 No.400 approaches Exeter St Davids with a test train on a very damp looking February 8th 1973. The completion of the final sections of the Euston - Glasgow electrification scheme led to the redundancy of the Class 50 fleet on this route and the eventual transfer of them to the Western Region. Their reallocation would also impact the use of the Class 45/46's to some extent, as would the fitting of more Class 47's with electric train heating equipment. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

In the view above the lines to the immediate left provide access to the former LSWR route to Exeter Central and the route to Salisbury and Waterloo. After the end of steam these long distance services from Waterloo to Exeter and beyond were mostly cut back to Exeter and utilised the Warships. With their demise the Southern Region Class 33's took over. The introduction of the HST's allowed cascading of locomotives and so the Class 50's would eventually take over these services.

Another view from February 8th 1973 as Class 45 No.31 approaches Exeter with possibly the 09.20 Liverpool - Penzance as a Class 33 waits for a run back to Salisbury or Waterloo. Pairs of Class 33's would also turn up on the summer dated service from Brighton. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Ten years have rolled by and some things seemed to have remained unchanged. Exeter St Davids looks as it always did, semaphore signalling still controls the route and many of the services are still in the hands of the Class 45/46's. But the writing is on the wall, the Class 46's are in rapid decline and inroads have been made into the Class 45 fleet. TOPS renumbering and the sheeting over of the headcode panels on the Class 45/46 noses mark small changes to the locomotives physical appearance, as does the fitting of electric train heating to fifty Class 45's, which will allow their use on many services well into 1988.

	Any fond memories from Christmas 1983? Its December 23rd 1983 and in expecting extra travellers for the Christmas holiday British Rail have provided 45050 to power the 10.36 Wolverhampton - Penzance relief, seen here steaming nicely at Exeter, with a rather smokey vacuum exhauster on 45050 adding to the ambiance. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.
	The 1984 summer season is just about over, the holidaymakers have returned home and the rain has arrived in this view from September 24th 1984 as 45060 waits for time at Exeter with the 14.05 Plymouth - Manchester. 45060 will see out one more summer, surviving until December 1985 and eventually reaching preservation. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.
	46035 heads through Exeter on September 25th 1984 with a Severn Tunnel Junction - St Blazey Speedlink freight, there will be no trouble in getting this load over the Devon banks today. 46035 has exactly two months left in service and will be well travelled in these final sixty days, making several more visits to the Western Region. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.
	The fading summer light of August 26th 1985 catches the sides of 45077 and its train, the 14.25 York - Plymouth. To the right stands an unidentified Class 50, perhaps on a Waterloo service? Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

After the Bristol - Exeter Railway had reached Exeter, the engineers immediately started work in 1844 on the South Devon Railway for the next fifty two miles to Plymouth. The local geography restricted the route available to the engineers whilst limited financing caused the route to have sharper curves and steeper gradients than Brunel would have liked. The route chosen encompassed the gentle run alongside the Exe estuary, the dramatic seafront real estate from Dawlish Warren to Teignmouth, then moving away from the sea to skirt the southern boundary of Dartmoor, with its associated curves and gradients before dropping down to Plymouth. By April 1849 the route was open to Plymouth.

Exminster

The major contributor of images to this page, Peter Lowell, spent part of his youth in the Exminster area which has resulted in a varied selection of views of Peter's 'backyard'. The north-south orientation of the mainline in this area allowed for many opportunities to photograph the trains running in both directions and throughout the seasons.

At one time Exminster possessed a passenger station, but the local passenger service was discontinued after March 30th 1964.

Three views at Exminster showing nortbound trains in a variety of weather conditions. Photographs courtesy Peter Lovell.

(Above: Left to right) (Left) An unidentified Class 45 & train during February 1978.
(Center) 45071 on New Years Day 1979 heads the 14.36 Paignton - Leeds.
(Right) 45002 on September 24th 1982 with the 13.45 Penzance - Bristol.

On February 18th - 20th 1978 heavy snow fell with the south & west bearing the brunt of the storm. Fourteen inches fell at Exeter and Cardiff with snow drifting to 25 feet on Dartmoor and Exmoor. By mid afternoon traffic was seriously disrupted west of Bristol. The 14.40 Leeds - Plymouth was cancelled at Taunton, the 16.30 Paddington - Plymouth picked up those passengers, and was noted passing Newton Abbot at 01.30am! Exeter made use of steam lance equipped 45065 to free numerous points in the area. When the thaw set in the result can be seen in the left hand view above.

Heavy snow and freezing conditions at the end of 1978 and into the New Year plagued services with delays and faulty equipment compounded the problems for the Operating Dept. In the West Country Exeter proved to be a graveyard for frozen up locomotives, with temperatures reaching down to -13C, most things simply froze up. The 00.05 Paddington - Penzance was reported eighteen hours late at Plymouth, the local services out of Exeter were cancelled since the dmu’s were frozen solid. Exeter contained eighteen frozen up locomotives including 25052, 25206/225/263, the only serviceable machine being 46020, which had been equipped with steam lances for the freeing of pointwork and rodding. The center view above gives some indication of the weather conditions experienced at the beginning of 1979.

46036 passes the site of Exminster station on September 4th 1981 with the 16.18 Plymouth - Birmingham. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Beyond Exminster the route drew close to the estuary of the Exe, through Powderham, Starcross and Cockwood, providing the photographer with many opportunities to capture those glorious summer views of sea, sunshine, boats and trains!

Powderham

Its been a few minutes since departing Exeter but the throttle remains wide open as 45075 accelerates through Powderham on June 16th 1979 with the 07.34 Leicester - Paignton. Behind are the mudflats of the Exe estuary, the tide must be out! 45075 has another five years in service, ironically failing at Clay Cross on January 3rd 1985 whilst on a NE/SW working, the 14.25 York - Plymouth relief. Repairs to the locomotive were denied so ending 24 years of service. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Cockwood

45066 at Cockwood on July 1st 1979 with the 10.12 Liverpool - Plymouth. Hopefully there are some holidaymakers on the train enjoying the fine views of Devon, as long as they are not in the fully air-conditioned coach, which will not be functioning since 45066 is not ETH equipped. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Dawlish Warren

	46041 Dawlish Warren May 7th 1979 with the 10.23 Manchester - Plymouth. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.
	46052 Dawlish Warren September 1st 1980 with the 07.56 Cardiff - Plymouth. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.
	The twelve coach 09.20 Liverpool - Penzance runs through Dawlish Warren station on September 2nd 1980 with 46001 in charge. 46001's working days are just about over, in October 1980 it was moved to Swindon Works for storage, recieved a brief reprieve between September and December 1981 when a seized engine stopped it for the final time. But for now, despite its peeling paint 46001 makes a fine sight in the Devon sunshine. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Just beyond Dawlish Warren the railway runs along one of the most photographed sections of line anywhere in the United Kingdom, along the seawall from Dawlish to Teignmouth. (For more about this section please visit the Laira page, but before we move on here is a scenic view of Dawlish, its seafront and the railway line).

Its a cool September 10th 1983 as a few strollers walk along the seawall, the sea is calm but no one is paddling, perhaps deterred by the possibility of afternoon showers. Almost un-noticed is 45142 heading westwards with the 08.02 Nottingham - Paignton. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

At Teignmouth the railway turned away from the sea and followed the estuary inland to Newton Abbot.

Newton Abbot

1036 approaches Newton Abbot sometime during 1971/72 with a short freight headed for Plymouth Friary or Drump Lane. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Newton Abbot was home to the locomotive works for the South Devon Railway, later expanded to cover carriages and wagons. The last steam locomotive outshopped from the Works departed during July 1966. New facilities were added in the early 1960's to accommodate the newly arriving diesels. The intention had been to make Newton Abbot the primary diesel locomotive depot in the West Country, however a later decision was taken to give this status to Plymouth Laira. Out of this decision came the plan to use Newton Abbot as the primary servicing depot for the Warships, with many being allocated here rather than at nearby Laira. The servicing facilities were frequently visited by the Class 45/46/47's in the 1960's because Newton Abbot was responsible for the trains originating from Paignton & Torquay.

As mentioned elsewhere it was initially the Bristol crews that would bring the Class 45/46's into the West Country, which by 1967 would include the Friday's only motor-rail services from Newton Abbot to Sutton Coldfield and Newton Le Willows, using either Peaks or Brush Type 4's.

A short distance from Newton Abbot the traffic for Torquay, Paignton & Kingswear departed from the mainline at Aller Junction, whilst the mainline headed for Totnes and Plymouth crossing the southern edges of Dartmoor with many small streams to cross, creating a rollercoaster twisting route which would challenge any locomotive. The first obstacle was that of Dainton Bank which was just over two miles in length with grades varying between 1 in 38 and 1 in 57 and included Dainton tunnel.

Busy times just east of Aller Junction as two Class 45 hauled expresses approach Newton Abbot during June 1979. 45060 is believed to be the nearer locomotive whilst 45076 waits in the background for the signal to clear. Photograph courtesy Andy Hoare.

Totnes

Washing drifts in the breeze and a young lady looks on as an unidentified Class 46 accelerates past a row of backyards in Totnes as it works the 11.10 Plymouth - Manchester on May 27th 1978. Brunel's hopes of a mainline similar in design to that east of Exeter did not materialise due to geography and finances. In this case the train is barely out of one curve before it rolls into the next curve. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Beyond Totnes the route faces its second challenge, Rattery Bank, just over four miles of grades varying from 1 in 90 to 1 in 45. Hemerdon Bank was the third stiff grade on this section of line, involving 2.5 miles of 1 in 42, the grade easing as the line approaches Plympton. For those NE/SW workings heading west their journey was almost over, with most of these services terminating at Plymouth. For those NE/SW services heading northwards the South Devons banks provided a stiff challenge within minutes of leaving Plymouth. Not the best place to find out if the diagrammed locomotive was not in fine fettle. On the approaches to Plymouth the mainline ran past Laira depot, the primary diesel depot for servicing and maintenance in Devon & Cornwall.

Plymouth Laira

Laira provided a home for the newly arrived diesel hydraulics in the late 1950's & 1960's, later servicing the Class 45/46/47's which worked into the area in the late 1960's onwards and some of which would eventually be allocated to Laira as the diesel hydraulics were withdrawn.

The 1969 winter timetable saw Laira and Newton Abbott crews begin training primarily on the Class 46’s allowing these locomotives to work through to destinations such as Plymouth and Paignton without the need for a locomotive change at Bristol. By December the Class 46’s were being used all the way to Penzance. One such turn worked was the 07.40 Plymouth - Bristol, the 08.40 Liverpool - Penzance, and back to Laira on the 21.00 to Plymouth.

The end of the 1971 summer timetable saw major inroads into the Western Region hydraulic fleet whilst all the Westerns were now allocated to Laira.

The allocation of diesel locomotives at Laira at the end of 1971 totalled 96 comprising six types:
Class 03: 2
Class 08: 6
Class 22: 4
Class 25: 10
Class 52: 74

	The working days of 814 Dragon & 832 Onslaught are almost over in this view at Laira during the winter of 1972/73. The condition of both locomotives suggest they are still in service, so it maybe during October - December 1972. 814 would meet its end at Swindon Works in February 1974, 832 after a chequered career after withdrawal survived into preservation. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.
	A general view of Laira during the winter of 1972/73. Visible are members of Classes 42/45/47/52 and various diesel multiple units. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Six Class 46's (138,139,140,148,153 & 160) arrived at Laira during October 1972, by which time the operational Warships numbered ten and these would all be withdrawn by the middle of December 1972. The build up of the Class 46's at Laira was slow, with more examples recieved in February & May 1973, October 1974 and October 1975, by which time 138 - 164 (46001 - 46027) were all allocated to Laira.

By May 1973 Laira’s last Warship had gone, its last – 821 ‘Greyhound’ headed east on May 24th. At about the same time the first inroads were made into the Class 52 fleet when 1019 & 1032 were withdrawn and initially being dumped at Laira (see view below).

Laira gained the entire allocation of Class 52's during October 1971, the class remaining intact until May 1973 when 1019 & 1032 were withdrawn. In this view at Laira on May 30th 1973 are 1020, 1007, 1019 & 1032. It would take four years before the final Class 52's were withdrawn, by which time their replacements, the Class 50's were entrenched on the West of England services. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Plymouth

Whilst the Class 45/46's would normally be associated with the NE/SW cross country workings, they did occasionally get turns that took them all the way to Paddington. On Fridays in the 1970s there had always been two additional Paddington - Plymouth trains. These had run up from Plymouth earlier in the day. The first was the 16:53 Paddington (this later ran every day) whilst the second was the 18:30 Paddington - Plymouth. The regular 18:30 air braked stock ran on Fridays as an additional 18:27 limited stop train to Plymouth and the twelve coach vacuum set covered the 18:30. During 1979 this became a regular Class 46 working as Exeter men worked the locomotive on both the inward and outward turns.

After the arrival in Plymouth the challenge to the railway engineers was the construction of the Cornwall Railway, with the goal of Penzance, this was a more severe task than that of the route just completed from Exeter. The route would commence with the challenge of crossing the Tamar, eventually completed by the 2,200 feet Royal Albert Bridge. Beyond this sharp curves, steep gradients and deep valleys would confront the railway engineers. The Plymouth - Truro section opened in May 1859 and required 34 viaducts, when added to the 8 viaducts on the Falmouth branch, the total length of these viaducts was four miles. A further nine viaducts were required to get the line to Penzance. A narrow gauge line had been authorised in 1839 for mining interests, the route being adopted for the broad gauge single line. During March 1867 the first Paddington - Penzance broad gauge passenger service took place.

The railway engineers had barely reached the city limits before they confronted their first major challenge on the route to Penzance - the estuary of the Tamar. Construction on the Royal Albert Bridge began in 1853, borrowing design features from the Chepstow bridge. The two arch shaped trusses consist of oval tubes, 16 feet 9 inches wide and 12 feet 3 inches high in section, with vertical ties and crossbracing supporting the decking. Each truss provides a 455 feet span, 56 feet high at the centre and weighs over 1,000 tons. During construction these trusses were floated into the river and raised into position 110 feet above the high water level. It took six years to complete the bridge, by this time Brunel was too ill to attend the opening of the bridge by the Prince Consort in May 1859, and he died four months later at the age of 53.

Once across the Tamar the line generally kept on the south side of Cornwall, only after reaching Truro would the line take a more northerly path through Cornwall.

Liskeard

Liskeard station features a bridge which crosses the railway in a cutting, it is known as the 'Flying Bridge' - the arch is supported by the walls of the cutting rather than the more normal piers and abutments.

46012 at Liskeard on April 27th 1979 with the 18.10 St Blazey - Stoke freight. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

46016 at Liskeard on June 26th 1979 with what appears to be a spoil train. 46016 can truly have been said to have covered the NE/SW route and beyond! As D153 it was allocated to Haymarket depot for crew training during February 1962 - this training included visiting Inverness on the 'Royal Highlander' with a 17 coach train on March 28th 1962. It was also one of the first Class 46's to be allocated to Laira during October 1972. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Beyond Liskeard the railway uses the valley of the River Fowey to travel deeper into Cornwall, following this natural feature to reach the coast at Par.

Respryn Bridge (west of Bodmin Road)

45110 and the eleven coach 10.05 Newquay - Manchester at Respryn Bridge on July 6th 1985. 45110 was one of the Class survivors that remained in service almost to the end, being withdrawn on July 27th 1988 with bogie fractures. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Tywardreath

45063 Tywardreath April 18th 1979 with the 08.00 Bristol - Penzance. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Par

West of Par the line comes as close to the ocean as at any time since crossing the Tamar at Saltash. Also only a stones throw from Par station is St Blazey depot, which never carried an allocation of the Class 25/45/46's but there were always examples of the Classes on the depot or working out of St Blazey goods yard.

Somewhat overpowered for the mid-day St Blazey - Truro freight is 45004 'Royal Irish Fusilier' with three coal wagons and a brake van, seen at Par on February 22nd 1979. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Redruth

If only the walls of this cutting could talk! Of the eastbound trains restarting from Redruth station, the big diesel hydraulics with their Maybach MD650's or MD655's, or the NBL MAN engines. But today its 46009 with its doublebanked 12 cylinder Sulzer reverbrating off the stone walls, orchestrated with the whine of its Brush main generator and, hopefully, six traction motors, accompanied by traction motor blowers, compressors.......the rythmic echo of the coach wheels will soon fade and the cry of the seagulls will once again prevail. Photograph courtesy Andy Hoare.

Marazion

	With twelve coaches behind 45060 the locomotive will have its work cut on on the south Devon banks, but for now, as it passes through Marazion with the 13.45 Penzance - Bristol on June 22nd 1983 all seems in order. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.
	Across the bay the houses of Penzance rise up as a backdrop to 45120 as it accelerates through Marazion on July 2nd 1985 with the 09.18 Penzance - Leeds. If all goes well the train will reach Leeds about 5.30pm. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Penzance - the end of the line!

45110 at Penzance on July 5th 1985 - 10.24 Penzance - Liverpool. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

Truly the end of the line - 45124 at Penzance on June 30th 1983. 45124 has arrived with the 07:00 Exeter - Penzance and will return east with the 12:05 Penzance - Glasgow vans to Plymouth, coming back to Penzance on the 09:20 Liverpool - Penzance, before taking out the Paddington TPO. Judging by the dent in the nose crown it looks like they breed some pretty tough seagulls in the South-West. Photograph courtesy Peter Lovell.

As usual this is a work in progress with more material to be added.

Other reading resources

The Warships BR Class 42/43 Diesel-Hydraulics, HL Ford & NE Preedy (publ D Bradford Barton Ltd).

Page added April 3rd 2010
Last updated April 24th 2010

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